Acanthosis nigricanshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acanthosis_nigricans
Acanthosis nigricans - terining jigarrangdan qora ranggacha, kam aniqlangan, baxmalga o‘xshash giperpigmentatsiyasi bilan tavsiflanadigan tibbiy belgi. Odatda tana bo‘yinida, masalan, bo‘yin orqa va yon burmalarida, qo‘ltiq ostida, chanoq, kindik, peshona va boshqa joylarda uchraydi. Bu endokrin disfunksiya, ayniqsa diabetes mellitusda ko‘rinadigan insulin qarshiligi va giperinsulinemiya bilan bog‘liq.

Sabablari
Ko‘pincha 40 yoshgacha bo‘lgan odamlarda uchraydi, genetik jihatdan irsiy bo‘lishi mumkin va hipotiroidizm, akromegali, polikistik tuxumdon sindromi, insulin chidamli diabet yoki Kushing sindromi kabi semizlik yoki endokrinopatiyalar bilan bog‘liq.

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  • Bu holat semiz odamlarda keng tarqalgan.
  • Qora pigmentatsiya hamda ikkala qo‘ltiq ostidagi ajinlar Acanthosis nigricansni ko‘rsatadi.
References Acanthosis Nigricans 28613711 
NIH
Acanthosis nigricans - asosiy holat sifatida teri ko'rinishi. Ko'pincha bo'yin, qo'ltiq va chanoq kabi teri hududlarida paydo bo'lib, qirralari aniq bo'lmagan baxmal qoramtir dog'larga o'xshaydi. Bu holat odatda diabet va insulin qarshiligi bilan bog'liq, ammo kamdan‑kam hollarda tanadagi saraton kasalligiga ishora qilishi mumkin. Shuningdek, u gormonlar bilan bog'liq muammolar, steroidlar yoki tug'ilishni nazorat qilish tabletkalari kabi maxsus dori‑darmonlarni qabul qilish natijasida ham paydo bo'lishi mumkin.
Acanthosis nigricans is a cutaneous manifestation of an underlying condition. It usually develops in skin folds, such as the back of the neck, axilla, and groin, where it presents as velvety hyper-pigmented patches with poorly defined borders. Acanthosis nigricans is most commonly associated with diabetes and insulin resistance, but rarely it can be a sign of internal malignancy. It can also occur with hormone disorders or with the use of certain medications like systemic glucocorticoids and oral contraceptives.
 Current treatment options for acanthosis nigricans 30122971 
NIH
Acanthosis nigricans (AN) - bu insulin qarshiligi, diabet, semizlik, ayrim saratonlar, gormonal muammolar va dorilarga reaktsiyalar kabi turli xil sog'liq muammolari bilan bog'liq bo'lgan umumiy teri kasalligi. ANni davolash asosiy sog'liq muammolarini hal qilishga qaratilgan. Dastlab, shifokorlar semizlik, yuqori xolesterin, yuqori qon bosimi va 2-toifa diabetni o'z ichiga olgan insulin qarshiligi sindromi belgilarini tekshiradilar. Shifokorlar ko'pincha terining qalinlashishiga yordam beradigan birinchi davolash usuli sifatida topical retinoidsni belgilaydilar. Biroq, ular terining qorayishini to'liq bartaraf eta olmaydi. Salicylic acid, podophyllin, urea, and calcipotriol kabi boshqa davolash usullari ham tez-tez qo'llanilishi kerak.
Acanthosis nigricans (AN) is a common dermatologic manifestation of systemic disease that is associated with insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, obesity, internal malignancy, endocrine disorders, and drug reactions. Treatment of AN primarily focuses on resolution of the underlying disease processes causing the velvety, hyperpigmented, hyperkeratotic plaques found on the skin. Initial considerations for the AN workup include evaluating patients for insulin resistance syndrome characterized by obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus type II. For cosmetic treatment, topical retinoids are considered the first-line therapy for insulin-resistant AN by modifying keratinization rate. However, topical tretinoin requires application for long durations and improves hyperkeratosis, but not hyperpigmentation. Topical salicylic acid, podophyllin, urea, and calcipotriol also require frequent application, while TCA peels may provide a faster and less time-intense burden.